Drug |
Adverse effect and allergy |
- Common
- Prevalence
|
Rare |
- Study
- (Ref.)
|
Quality |
Parasympatomimetics |
- Local: Contact allergy
- Miosis: accommodation spasm, visual disturbances in cataract and visual field, risk
of retinal ablation
- Systemic: psychosis
|
- 1.2–8 % «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
- ++
|
|
|
- Good
- Fair
|
Beta blockers |
- Systemic: cardiovascular, uro-genital, pulmonary: asthma
- Psychic: depression, insomnia
- Local: stinging, dry eye, contact allergy
|
- ++
- +
- +
- allergic: 2–4.8 % «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
|
+ |
- «Hugues FC, Le Jeunne C, Munera Y ym. [Comparison o...»1, «Waldock A, Snape J, Graham CM. Effects of glaucoma...»2, «Novack GD, Kelley EP, Lue JC. A multicenter evalua...»3
- «Lynch MG, Whitson JT, Brown RH ym. Topical beta-bl...»4, «Holdiness MR. Contact dermatitis to topical drugs ...»10
|
Good |
- Systemic carboanhydrase inhibitors
- Topical CAI
|
- Systemic: electrolyte balance, urea metabolism, blood sugar, and on neurologic system.
- Serious adverse effects include thrombocytopenia and fatal anaphylactic reactions
and increased risk of death
- Local: allergic reactions, stinging and burning and bitter taste are common
|
- ++
- allergic: 2–3.7% «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
- ++ 1.8–16.4% «Silver LH. Clinical efficacy and safety of brinzol...»19
|
+ |
- «Schuman JS. Clinical experience with brimonidine 0...»5, «Silver LH. Clinical efficacy and safety of brinzol...»19, «Aalto-Korte K. Contact allergy to dorzolamide eyed...»22
|
Good |
Adrenergics |
- Local adverse effects are common; allergic reactions, contact dermatoconjunctivitis
and follicular conjunctivitis in ca. 50% of users
- Systemic: dipivalyl epinephrine and adrenaline may have cardiovascular side effects
- Psychic: the simulatenous use with drugs which have deprivation effect on CNS is not
recommended (alcohol, sedative, antideppressiva, MAO inhibitors, opiates)
|
- +++, 50%
- allergic:
- 2–3.3% «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
- +
|
+ |
- «Holdiness MR. Contact dermatitis to topical drugs ...»10, «Silvestre JF, Carnero L, Ramón R ym. Allergic cont...»11
- «Blondeau P, Rousseau JA. Allergic reactions to bri...»12, «Butler P, Mannschreck M, Lin S ym. Clinical experi...»13
|
- Good
- Fair
|
Prostaglandin (analoques) derivatives |
- Systemic side effects are rare; headache (incidence 0.2%), cardiovascular and respiratory
side effects
- Local reactions are common; contact allergy, hypertrichosis, iris pigmentation (12–18%),
conjunctival hyperemia (incidence 2%), darkening of the eye lids, conjunctival eosinophilia
also in non-atopic patients, cystic macular edema, herpes, iridocyclitis, corneal
thinning
|
- 0.2%
- ++
- 12–18%
- 2%
- allergic: 1.2% «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
|
+ |
- «Arcieri ES, Santana A, Rocha FN ym. Blood-aqueous ...»16, «Jerstad KM, Warshaw E. Allergic contact dermatitis...»17
- «Wand M, Gilbert CM, Liesegang TJ. Latanoprost and ...»28, «Schlote T. [Side-effects and risk profile of latan...»29, «Zimmerman TJ, Stewart WC, Latanoprost Axis Study G...»30
|
- Fair
- Good
|
- Bentsalkon chloride (BAC)
- Thimerosal
- Parabens
|
- Local: BAC causes corneal and conjunctival changes compared to preparations without
BAC or with low concentrations of BAC
- Contact allergies to preservatives
|
- + 3.4% «Hätinen A, Teräsvirta M, Fräki JE. Contact allergy...»25
- 2–5.5% «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
- +
|
+ |
- «Tosti A, Tosti G. Thimerosal: a hidden allergen in...»24, «Hätinen A, Teräsvirta M, Fräki JE. Contact allergy...»25
|
Good |
- Glaucoma drugs
- (beta blockers)
|
Pseudopemphigoid |
|
+ |
«Novack GD, O'Donnell MJ, Molloy DW. New glaucoma m...»31 |
Fair |
- Surgical treatment:
- Trabeculectomia, mitomycin,iridectomia
|
Phleb leakage, phleb cicatrisation, endophthalmitis, cornea based refractive errors |
+ |
+ |
- «Al-Torbak AA, Al-Shahwan S, Al-Jadaan I ym. Endoph...»35, «Traverso CE, De Feo F, Messas-Kaplan A ym. Long te...»36, «Halkiadakis I, Lim P, Moroi SE. Surgical results o...»38, «Busbee BG, Recchia FM, Kaiser R ym. Bleb-associate...»39, «Egrilmez S, Ates H, Nalcaci S ym. Surgically induc...»41
|
Fair |
- Laser treatment:
- ALT, YAG
|
Secondary glaucoma from hyphema, spontaneous iris prolapse after Nd:YAG goniopuncture |
|
+ |
- «Kumar N, Feyi-Waboso A. Intractable secondary glau...»33, «Vuori ML. Complications of Neodymium:YAG laser gon...»43
|
Fair |