Takaisin Tulosta

Adverse effects of glaucoma medication (tables 1 and 2)

Lisätietoa aiheesta
Osmo Kari
2.7.2014
Table 1. Adverse effects and allergies to common glaucoma treatment
Drug Adverse effect and allergy
  1. Common
  2. Prevalence
Rare
  1. Study
  2. (Ref.)
Quality
Parasympatomimetics
  1. Local: Contact allergy
  2. Miosis: accommodation spasm, visual disturbances in cataract and visual field, risk of retinal ablation
  3. Systemic: psychosis
  1. 1.2–8 % «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
  2. ++
    1. Good
    2. Fair
    Beta blockers
    1. Systemic: cardiovascular, uro-genital, pulmonary: asthma
    2. Psychic: depression, insomnia
    3. Local: stinging, dry eye, contact allergy
    1. ++
    2. +
    3. +
    4. allergic: 2–4.8 % «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
    +
    1. «Hugues FC, Le Jeunne C, Munera Y ym. [Comparison o...»1, «Waldock A, Snape J, Graham CM. Effects of glaucoma...»2, «Novack GD, Kelley EP, Lue JC. A multicenter evalua...»3
    2. «Lynch MG, Whitson JT, Brown RH ym. Topical beta-bl...»4, «Holdiness MR. Contact dermatitis to topical drugs ...»10
    Good
    1. Systemic carboanhydrase inhibitors
    2. Topical CAI
    1. Systemic: electrolyte balance, urea metabolism, blood sugar, and on neurologic system.
    2. Serious adverse effects include thrombocytopenia and fatal anaphylactic reactions and increased risk of death
    3. Local: allergic reactions, stinging and burning and bitter taste are common
    1. ++
    2. allergic: 2–3.7% «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
    3. ++ 1.8–16.4% «Silver LH. Clinical efficacy and safety of brinzol...»19
    +
    1. «Schuman JS. Clinical experience with brimonidine 0...»5, «Silver LH. Clinical efficacy and safety of brinzol...»19, «Aalto-Korte K. Contact allergy to dorzolamide eyed...»22
    Good
    Adrenergics
    1. Local adverse effects are common; allergic reactions, contact dermatoconjunctivitis and follicular conjunctivitis in ca. 50% of users
    2. Systemic: dipivalyl epinephrine and adrenaline may have cardiovascular side effects
    3. Psychic: the simulatenous use with drugs which have deprivation effect on CNS is not recommended (alcohol, sedative, antideppressiva, MAO inhibitors, opiates)
    1. +++, 50%
    2. allergic:
    3. 2–3.3% «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
    4. +
    +
    1. «Holdiness MR. Contact dermatitis to topical drugs ...»10, «Silvestre JF, Carnero L, Ramón R ym. Allergic cont...»11
    2. «Blondeau P, Rousseau JA. Allergic reactions to bri...»12, «Butler P, Mannschreck M, Lin S ym. Clinical experi...»13
    1. Good
    2. Fair
    Prostaglandin (analoques) derivatives
    1. Systemic side effects are rare; headache (incidence 0.2%), cardiovascular and respiratory side effects
    2. Local reactions are common; contact allergy, hypertrichosis, iris pigmentation (12–18%), conjunctival hyperemia (incidence 2%), darkening of the eye lids, conjunctival eosinophilia also in non-atopic patients, cystic macular edema, herpes, iridocyclitis, corneal thinning
    1. 0.2%
    2. ++
    3. 12–18%
    4. 2%
    5. allergic: 1.2% «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
    +
    1. «Arcieri ES, Santana A, Rocha FN ym. Blood-aqueous ...»16, «Jerstad KM, Warshaw E. Allergic contact dermatitis...»17
    2. «Wand M, Gilbert CM, Liesegang TJ. Latanoprost and ...»28, «Schlote T. [Side-effects and risk profile of latan...»29, «Zimmerman TJ, Stewart WC, Latanoprost Axis Study G...»30
    1. Fair
    2. Good
    1. Bentsalkon chloride (BAC)
    2. Thimerosal
    3. Parabens
    1. Local: BAC causes corneal and conjunctival changes compared to preparations without BAC or with low concentrations of BAC
    2. Contact allergies to preservatives
    1. + 3.4% «Hätinen A, Teräsvirta M, Fräki JE. Contact allergy...»25
    2. 2–5.5% «Osmo Kari. The unpublished results from test serie...»45
    3. +
    +
    1. «Tosti A, Tosti G. Thimerosal: a hidden allergen in...»24, «Hätinen A, Teräsvirta M, Fräki JE. Contact allergy...»25
    Good
    1. Glaucoma drugs
    2. (beta blockers)
    Pseudopemphigoid + «Novack GD, O'Donnell MJ, Molloy DW. New glaucoma m...»31 Fair
    1. Surgical treatment:
    2. Trabeculectomia, mitomycin,iridectomia
    Phleb leakage, phleb cicatrisation, endophthalmitis, cornea based refractive errors + +
    1. «Al-Torbak AA, Al-Shahwan S, Al-Jadaan I ym. Endoph...»35, «Traverso CE, De Feo F, Messas-Kaplan A ym. Long te...»36, «Halkiadakis I, Lim P, Moroi SE. Surgical results o...»38, «Busbee BG, Recchia FM, Kaiser R ym. Bleb-associate...»39, «Egrilmez S, Ates H, Nalcaci S ym. Surgically induc...»41
    Fair
    1. Laser treatment:
    2. ALT, YAG
    Secondary glaucoma from hyphema, spontaneous iris prolapse after Nd:YAG goniopuncture +
    1. «Kumar N, Feyi-Waboso A. Intractable secondary glau...»33, «Vuori ML. Complications of Neodymium:YAG laser gon...»43
    Fair
    Taulukko 2. Characteristics of Common Topical Glaucoma Medications
    Topical medications Ocular side effects Systemic side effects Contraindications Drug interactions Clinical notes
    Miotics
    Pilocarpin Burning; blurred vision; difficulty with night vision; miosis or accommodative spasm; lens opacity (rare); retinal detachment (rare); precipitation of closed-angle glaucoma (rare) Sweating; salivation; urinary frequency; nausea; diarrhea; bronchospasm; biliary colic; mental status change; variable cardiovascular response Hypersensitivity; poorly controlled asthma; acute iritis May precipitate if administered with sodium sulfacetamide Blurred vision increased with gel; miosis decreased with Ocusert Pilo; retinal detachment increased in patients with myopia; use with caution in patients with cataracts, hyper-thyroidism, parkinsonism or urinary tract obstruction
    Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
    Dorzolamide Burning; punctate keratitis; ocular allergies; increased ocular side effects relative to timolol Bitter taste; headache; nausea; asthenia; kidney stones (rare) Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides; eye injury or surgery Not recommended for use with systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; may accentuate side effects of salicylate therapy; may promote excretion of acidic drugs and inhibit renal excretion of basic drugs Contact lenses must be removed; may be reinserted 15 minutes after installation of medication; not studied in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction
    Brinzolamide Possibly decreased ocular side effects compared with dorzolamide; blepharitis; foreign-body sensation Bitter taste; headache; rhinitis sensation Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides Same as dorzolamide Same as dorzolamide
    Sympathomimetics
    Epinephrine-like
    Dipivefrin Brimonidineapraclonidine Burning; follicular conjunctivitis; macular edema in patients who are aphakic Increased blood pressure; arrhythmias; tremor Narrow-angle glaucoma Use cautiously with cardiovascular or stimulant medications Epinephrine prodrug; decreased ocular and systemic side effects relative to epinephrine; use cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease
    «Lewis PR, Phillips TG, Sassani JW. Topical therapi...»46

    Kirjallisuutta

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