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Arvio glaukooman aiheuttamasta näkövammaisuudesta globaalisti

Näytönastekatsaukset
Anja Tuulonen
4.7.2014

Näytön aste: C

Maailmassa arvioidaan olevan glaukooman takia näkövammaisia henkilöitä 6 miljoonaa, joista puolet on sokeita. Euroopassa arvioidaan olevan 560 000 näkövammaista ja 220 000 sokeaa.

Population-base studies were searched in Medline and the WHO regional databases without language restrictions «World Health Organization. Global Data on Visual I...»1. To be included, the studies needed to be representative of the country and of the area sampled, with adequate sample size (1200-46 000), sufficient response rate (≥ 80 %), reporting data for persons, and with definitions of visual impairment in agreement with the WHO criteria. The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness were determined in 6 WHO regions globally. In the European Region four economic clusters were defined: 25 High Income countries, 11 Upper Middle Income countries, 14 Lower Middle Income countries, and 3 Low Income countries.

In 53 surveys (72 % between 2005 and 2008) from 39 countries, the 2010 estimated number of visually impaired people in the world was 285 million of whom 14 % were blind. 65 % of people visually impaired and 82 % of all blind are ≥ 50 years old. Globally the principal causes of visual impairment are uncorrected refractive error (43 %), cataract (33 %), and glaucoma (2 %, i.e. 6 million people). Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, trachoma and corneal opacities account 1 % each. A large proportion of 18 % are determined. The causes of blindness are cataract (51 %), glaucoma (8 %, i.e. 3 million people), and AMD (5 %) with 21 % undetermined causes.

The total population of the European Region in 2010 was 889 million inhabitants of whom 3.2 % were visually impaired (28 million inhabitants) and 0.3 % blind (2.7 million inhabitants). Using the global percentages for glaucoma, Europe has about 560 000 subjects with glaucoma induced visual disability (2 % of 28 million inhabitants with visual impairment) and 220 000 are blind due to glaucoma (8 % of 2.7 million with blindness).

The prevalence of missing data can give errors that are difficult to estimate. The combined effect of uncertainties is possibly ± 20 %.

  • Tutkimuksen laatu: tasokas
  • Sovellettavuus suomalaiseen väestöön: kohtalainen

Kommentti: Suomalaisia raportteja ei ilmeisesti ollut mukana Euroopan alueen tutkimuksissa. Suomen väestöstä 3,2 % vastaa 172 000 näkövammaista, joista sokeiden osuus olisi 16 500 henkilöä (0,3 %). Globaaleja lukuja käyttäen glaukooman takia näkövammaisia Suomessa olisi arvion mukaan noin 3 500 (2 % 172 000:sta) ja heistä sokeita noin 1 300 (8 % 16 500:sta). 3 500 näkövammaista edustaa 4,3 % kaikkiaan 80 000 glaukoomalääkitystä käyttävästä potilaasta, 1 300 sokeaa puolestaan 1,6 %.

Kirjallisuutta

  1. World Health Organization. Global Data on Visual Impairments 2010, «http://www.who.int/blindness/GLOBALDATAFINALforweb.pdf»1