Takaisin Tulosta

Alahengitystieinfektiot (lapset), näytönastekatsausten kirjallisuusviitteet

Lisätietoa aiheesta
Käypä hoito -toimitus
16.5.2023

Kirjallisuusviiteluettelosta löytyy koottuna Käypä hoito -suosituksen Alahengitystieinfektiot (lapset) «Alahengitystieinfektiot (lapset)»1 näytönastekatsauksissa arvioitu kirjallisuus.

Kirjallisuutta

  1. Abanses JC, Dowd MD, Simon SD, ym. Impact of rapid influenza testing at triage on management of febrile infants and young children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2006;22:145-9 «PMID: 16628094»PubMed
  2. Abu Raya B, Bamberger E, Gershtein R, ym. The laboratory diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection: a comparison of semi-nested PCR and real-time PCR with culture. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012;31:619-22 «PMID: 21744036»PubMed
  3. Altunaiji S, Kukuruzovic R, Curtis N, ym. Antibiotics for whooping cough (pertussis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(3):CD004404 «PMID: 17636756»PubMed
  4. Alvarez J, Godoy P, Plans-Rubio P, ym. Azithromycin to Prevent Pertussis in Household Contacts, Catalonia and Navarre, Spain, 2012-2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2020;26:2678-2684 «PMID: 33079034»PubMed
  5. Ares-Gómez S, Mallah N, Santiago-Pérez MI, ym. Effectiveness and impact of universal prophylaxis with nirsevimab in infants against hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus in Galicia, Spain: initial results of a population-based longitudinal study. Lancet Infect Dis 2024;(): «PMID: 38701823»PubMed
  6. Bass JW, Klenk EL, Kotheimer JB, ym. Antimicrobial treatment of pertussis. J Pediatr 1969;75:768-81 «PMID: 4310467»PubMed
  7. Becker LA, Hom J, Villasis-Keever M, ym. Beta2-agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(9):CD001726 «PMID: 26333656»PubMed
  8. Bentur L, Shoseyov D, Feigenbaum D, ym. Dexamethasone inhalations in RSV bronchiolitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Paediatr 2005;94:866-71 «PMID: 16188807»PubMed
  9. Bernard DW, Goepp JG, Duggan AK, ym. Is oral albuterol effective for acute cough in non-asthmatic children? Acta Paediatr 1999;88:465-7 «PMID: 10342550»PubMed
  10. Bhattacharya M, Joshi N, Yadav S To compare the effect of dextromethorphan, promethazine and placebo on nocturnal cough in children aged 1-12 y with upper respiratory infections: a randomized controlled trial. Indian J Pediatr 2013;80:891-5 «PMID: 23592248»PubMed
  11. Bhuiyan MU, Blyth CC, West R, ym. Combination of clinical symptoms and blood biomarkers can improve discrimination between bacterial or viral community-acquired pneumonia in children. BMC Pulm Med 2019;19:71 «PMID: 30940126»PubMed
  12. Bielicki JA, Stöhr W, Barratt S, ym. Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2021;326:1713-1724 «PMID: 34726708»PubMed
  13. Bjornson C, Russell K, Vandermeer B, ym. Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(10):CD006619 «PMID: 24114291»PubMed
  14. Blanco S, Fuenzalida L, Bas A, ym. Comparison of 2 molecular assays and a serologic test in diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in paediatrics patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011;71:463-6 «PMID: 22001619»PubMed
  15. Bonner AB, Monroe KW, Talley LI, ym. Impact of the rapid diagnosis of influenza on physician decision-making and patient management in the pediatric emergency department: results of a randomized, prospective, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2003;112:363-7 «PMID: 12897288»PubMed
  16. Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, ym. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:e25-76 «PMID: 21880587»PubMed
  17. Cade A, Brownlee KG, Conway SP, ym. Randomised placebo controlled trial of nebulised corticosteroids in acute respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child 2000;82:126-30 «PMID: 10648365»PubMed
  18. Castro-Rodriguez JA, Rodrigo GJ beta-agonists through metered-dose inhaler with valved holding chamber versus nebulizer for acute exacerbation of wheezing or asthma in children under 5 years of age: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2004;145(2)172-7. «PMID: 15289762»PubMed
  19. Cates CJ, Welsh EJ, Rowe BH Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(9):CD000052 «PMID: 24037768»PubMed
  20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Inadvertent use of Bicillin C-R to treat syphilis infection--Los Angeles, California, 1999-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005;54:217-9
  21. Charkaluk ML, Kalach N, Mvogo H, ym. Assessment of a rapid urinary antigen detection by an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of pneumococcal infection in children. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;55:89-94 «PMID: 16530375»PubMed
  22. Cohen HA, Rozen J, Kristal H, ym. Effect of honey on nocturnal cough and sleep quality: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Pediatrics 2012;130:465-71 «PMID: 22869830»PubMed
  23. Copete AR, Vera C, Herrera M, ym. Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children With and Without Community-acquired Pneumonia. What do PCR and Serology Say? Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020;39:e104-e108 «PMID: 32118860»PubMed
  24. Corneli HM, Zorc JJ, Mahajan P, ym. A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of dexamethasone for bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2007;357:331-9 «PMID: 17652648»PubMed
  25. Cosnes-Lambe C, Raymond J, Chalumeau M, ym. Pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus infections. Eur J Pediatr 2008;167:1017-9 «PMID: 18034357»PubMed
  26. Crowcroft NS, Booy R, Harrison T, ym. Severe and unrecognised: pertussis in UK infants. Arch Dis Child 2003;88:802-6 «PMID: 12937105»PubMed
  27. Danzon A, Lacroix J, Infante-Rivard C, ym. A double-blind clinical trial on diphenhydramine in pertussis. Acta Paediatr Scand 1988;77:614-5 «PMID: 3293352»PubMed
  28. Dawood FS, Jara J, Gonzalez R ym. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety of early oseltamivir treatment among children 0-9 years of age hospitalized with influenza in El Salvador and Panama. Antiviral Res 2016;133:85-94
  29. De Serres G, Boulianne N, Duval B Field effectiveness of erythromycin prophylaxis to prevent pertussis within families. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995;14:969-75 «PMID: 8584364»PubMed
  30. Doan QH, Kissoon N, Dobson S ym. A randomized, controlled trial of the impact of early and rapid diagnosis of viral infections in children brought to an emergency department with febrile respiratory tract illnesses. J Pediatr 2009;154:91-5
  31. Domachowske J, Madhi SA, Simões EAF, ym. Safety of Nirsevimab for RSV in Infants with Heart or Lung Disease or Prematurity. N Engl J Med 2022;386(9):892-894 «PMID: 35235733»PubMed
  32. Don M, Valent F, Korppi M, ym. Differentiation of bacterial and viral community-acquired pneumonia in children. Pediatr Int 2009;51:91-6 «PMID: 19371285»PubMed
  33. Dowell SF, Garman RL, Liu G, ym. Evaluation of Binax NOW, an assay for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in urine samples, performed among pediatric patients. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:824-5 «PMID: 11229853»PubMed
  34. Drysdale SB, Cathie K, Flamein F, ym. Nirsevimab for Prevention of Hospitalizations Due to RSV in Infants. N Engl J Med 2023;389(26):2425-2435 «PMID: 38157500»PubMed
  35. Durand P, Guiddir T, Kyheng C, ym. A randomised trial of high-flow nasal cannula in infants with moderate bronchiolitis. Eur Respir J 2020;56 «PMID: 32381496»PubMed
  36. Eghbali A, Sabbagh A, Bagheri B, ym. Efficacy of nebulized L-epinephrine for treatment of croup: a randomized, double-blind study. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016;30:70-5 «PMID: 26463007»PubMed
  37. Elemraid MA, Muller M, Spencer DA ym. Accuracy of the interpretation of chest radiographs for the diagnosis of paediatric pneumonia. PLoS One 2014;9:e106051
  38. Elemraid MA, Rushton SP, Clark JE, ym. A case-control study to assess the urinary pneumococcal antigen test in childhood pneumonia. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2014;53:286-8. «PMID: 24028841»PubMed
  39. Elintarviketurvallisuusvirasto Evira. Clostridium botulinum ja botulismin ehkäisy. https://www.ruokavirasto.fi/elintarvikkeet/ohjeita-kuluttajille/ruokamyrkytykset/ruokamyrkytyksia-aiheuttavia-bakteereja/clostridium-botulinum/
  40. Elliott SA, Gaudet LA, Fernandes RM, ym. Comparative Efficacy of Bronchiolitis Interventions in Acute Care: A Network Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2021;147 «PMID: 33893229»PubMed
  41. Ernst C, Bejko D, Gaasch L, ym. Impact of nirsevimab prophylaxis on paediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospitalisations during the initial 2023/24 season in Luxembourg. Euro Surveill 2024;29(4): «PMID: 38275017»PubMed
  42. Esposito S, Bosis S, Colombo R, ym. Evaluation of rapid assay for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen among infants and young children with possible invasive pneumococcal disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23:365-7 «PMID: 15071298»PubMed
  43. Esposito S, Marchisio P, Morelli P, ym. Effect of a rapid influenza diagnosis. Arch Dis Child 2003;88:525-6 «PMID: 12765923»PubMed
  44. Everard ML, Hind D, Ugonna K ym. SABRE: a multicentre randomised control trial of nebulised hypertonic saline in infants hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis. Thorax 2014;69:1105-12
  45. Falup-Pecurariu OG, Diez-Domingo J, Esposito S, ym. Clinical and laboratory features of children with community-acquired pneumonia are associated with distinct radiographic presentations. Eur J Pediatr 2018;177:1111-1120 «PMID: 29748750»PubMed
  46. Fancourt N, Deloria Knoll M, Barger-Kamate B, ym. Standardized Interpretation of Chest Radiographs in Cases of Pediatric Pneumonia From the PERCH Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017;64(suppl_3):S253-S261 «PMID: 28575359»PubMed
  47. Fernandes RM, Hartling L Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children. JAMA 2014;311:87-8 «PMID: 24381968»PubMed
  48. Flood RG, Badik J, Aronoff SC The utility of serum C-reactive protein in differentiating bacterial from nonbacterial pneumonia in children: a meta-analysis of 1230 children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008;2795-9 «PMID: 18174874»PubMed
  49. Franklin D, Babl FE, Schlapbach LJ, ym. A Randomized Trial of High-Flow Oxygen Therapy in Infants with Bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2018;378:1121-1131 «PMID: 29562151»PubMed
  50. Fry AM, Goswami D, Nahar K, ym. Efficacy of oseltamivir treatment started within 5 days of symptom onset to reduce influenza illness duration and virus shedding in an urban setting in Bangladesh: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14:109-18 «PMID: 24268590»PubMed
  51. Fry NK, Duncan J, Wagner K, ym. Role of PCR in the diagnosis of pertussis infection in infants: 5 years' experience of provision of a same-day real-time PCR service in England and Wales from 2002 to 2007. J Med Microbiol 2009;58:1023-1029 «PMID: 19528165»PubMed
  52. Gadomski AM, Scribani MB Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;(6):CD001266. «PMID: 24937099»PubMed
  53. Gates A, Gates M, Vandermeer B, ym. Glucocorticoids for croup in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;(8):CD001955 «PMID: 30133690»PubMed
  54. Ghaffari J, Saffar M, Salehifar E, Ghasemian R, Khademloo M. Anti-cough's effects of tramadol in patients with pertussis. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2011;21:106-11
  55. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). The global strategy for asthma management and prevention, 2020. Saatavilla: www.ginasthma.org .
  56. Granström M, Olinder-Nielsen AM, Holmblad P, ym. Specific immunoglobulin for treatment of whooping cough. Lancet 1991;338:1230-3 «PMID: 1682643»PubMed
  57. Greenberg D, Givon-Lavi N, Sadaka Y, ym. Short-course antibiotic treatment for community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in ambulatory children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014;33:136-42 «PMID: 23989106»PubMed
  58. Griffin MP, Yuan Y, Takas T, ym. Single-Dose Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Preterm Infants. N Engl J Med 2020;383(5):415-425 «PMID: 32726528»PubMed
  59. Guinto-Ocampo H, Bennett JE, Attia MW Predicting pertussis in infants. Pediatr Emerg Care 2008;24:16-20 «PMID: 18165797»PubMed
  60. Gökçe Ş, Kurugöl Z, Şöhret Aydemir S, ym. Bordetella Pertussis Infection in Hospitalized Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis. Indian J Pediatr 2018;85:189-193 «PMID: 29076101»PubMed
  61. Halperin SA, Bortolussi R, Langley JM, ym. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of erythromycin estolate chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of children with culture-positive bordetella pertussis infection. Pediatrics 1999;104:e42 «PMID: 10506267»PubMed
  62. Halperin SA, Vaudry W, Boucher FD, ym. Is pertussis immune globulin efficacious for the treatment of hospitalized infants with pertussis? No answer yet. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:79-81 «PMID: 17195712»PubMed
  63. Hamer DH, Egas J, Estrella B, ym. Assessment of the Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test in children with nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:1025-8 «PMID: 11880971»PubMed
  64. Hammitt LL, Dagan R, Yuan Y, ym. Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Healthy Late-Preterm and Term Infants. N Engl J Med 2022;386(9):837-846 «PMID: 35235726»PubMed
  65. Harris M, Clark J, Coote N, ym. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax 2011;66 Suppl 2:ii1-23 «PMID: 21903691»PubMed
  66. He Q, Mertsola J, Soini H, ym. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction with culture and enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of pertussis. J Clin Microbiol 1993;31:642-5 «PMID: 8458957»PubMed
  67. Health Protection Agency. HPA guidelines for the Public management of pertussis. Updated October 2012. http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1287142671506.
  68. Hedrick JA, Barzilai A, Behre U, ym. Zanamivir for treatment of symptomatic influenza A and B infection in children five to twelve years of age: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:410-7 «PMID: 10819336»PubMed
  69. Heikkilä P, Renko M, Korppi M Hypertonic saline inhalations in bronchiolitis-A cumulative meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018;53:233-242 «PMID: 29266869»PubMed
  70. Heinonen S, Silvennoinen H, Lehtinen P, ym. Early oseltamivir treatment of influenza in children 1-3 years of age: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:887-94 «PMID: 20815736»PubMed
  71. Heiskanen-Kosma T, Korppi M Serum C-reactive protein cannot differentiate bacterial and viral aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children in primary healthcare settings. Scand J Infect Dis 2000;32:399-402 «PMID: 10959648»PubMed
  72. Holberg-Petersen M, Jenum PA, Mannsåker T, ym. Comparison of PCR with culture applied on nasopharyngeal and throat swab specimens for the detection of Bordetella pertussis. Scand J Infect Dis 2011;43:221-4 «PMID: 21108541»PubMed
  73. Hoppe JE Comparison of erythromycin estolate and erythromycin ethylsuccinate for treatment of pertussis. The Erythromycin Study Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992;11:189-93 «PMID: 1565532»PubMed
  74. Iyer SB, Gerber MA, Pomerantz WJ, ym. Effect of point-of-care influenza testing on management of febrile children. Acad Emerg Med 2006;13:1259-68 «PMID: 17079787»PubMed
  75. Jefferson T, Jones MA, Doshi P, ym. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;(4):CD008965. «PMID: 24718923»PubMed
  76. Kepreotes E, Whitehead B, Attia J, ym. High-flow warm humidified oxygen versus standard low-flow nasal cannula oxygen for moderate bronchiolitis (HFWHO RCT): an open, phase 4, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2017;389:930-939 «PMID: 28161016»PubMed
  77. Kim NH, Lee JA, Eun BW ym. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and the indirect particle agglutination antibody test for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children during two outbreaks. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:897-903
  78. Korppi M, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Leinonen M White blood cells, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in pneumococcal pneumonia in children. Eur Respir J 1997;10:1125-9 «PMID: 9163657»PubMed
  79. Korppi M, Hiltunen J Pertussis is common in nonvaccinated infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:316-8 «PMID: 17414394»PubMed
  80. Korppi M, Laurikainen K, Pietikäinen M, ym. Antitussives in the treatment of acute transient cough in children. Acta Paediatr Scand 1991;80:969-71 «PMID: 1755308»PubMed
  81. Korppi M Non-specific host response markers in the differentiation between pneumococcal and viral pneumonia: what is the most accurate combination? Pediatr Int 2004;46:545-50 «PMID: 15491381»PubMed
  82. Krantz I, Norrby SR, Trollfors B Salbutamol vs. placebo for treatment of pertussis. Pediatr Infect Dis 1985;4:638-40 «PMID: 3909118»PubMed
  83. Kuitunen I, Jääskeläinen J, Korppi M, ym. Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Outpatient Children in High-Income Countries-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2023;76:e1123-e1128 «PMID: 35579504»PubMed
  84. Langley JM, Halperin SA, Boucher FD, ym. Azithromycin is as effective as and better tolerated than erythromycin estolate for the treatment of pertussis. Pediatrics 2004;114:e96-101 «PMID: 15231980»PubMed
  85. Lebel MH, Mehra S Efficacy and safety of clarithromycin versus erythromycin for the treatment of pertussis: a prospective, randomized, single blind trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:1149-54 «PMID: 11740322»PubMed
  86. Lee JH, Jung JY, Lee HJ, ym. Efficacy of low-dose nebulized epinephrine as treatment for croup: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Am J Emerg Med 2019;37:2171-2176 «PMID: 30878411»PubMed
  87. Lin LJ, Chang FC, Chi H, ym. The diagnostic value of serological studies in pediatric patients with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2020;53:351-356 «PMID: 30266544»PubMed
  88. Lipsett SC, Monuteaux MC, Bachur RG, ym. Negative Chest Radiography and Risk of Pneumonia. Pediatrics 2018;142 «PMID: 30154120»PubMed
  89. Lynch T, Gouin S, Larson C, ym. Does the lateral chest radiograph help pediatric emergency physicians diagnose pneumonia? A randomized clinical trial. Acad Emerg Med 2004;11:625-9 «PMID: 15175199»PubMed
  90. Lynch T, Gouin S, Larson C, ym. Should the lateral chest radiograph be routine in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children? A review of the literature. Paediatr Child Health 2003;8:566-8 «PMID: 20019826»PubMed
  91. Mackway-Jones K. Towards evidence-based emergency medicine: Best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Emerg Med J 2017;34:57-58
  92. Mahomed N, Fancourt N, de Campo J, ym. Preliminary report from the World Health Organisation Chest Radiography in Epidemiological Studies project. Pediatr Radiol 2017;47:1399-1404 «PMID: 29043423»PubMed
  93. Malosh RE, Martin ET, Heikkinen T, ym. Efficacy and Safety of Oseltamivir in Children: Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Infect Dis 2018;66:1492-1500 «PMID: 29186364»PubMed
  94. Mattila S, Paalanne N, Honkila M, ym. Effect of Point-of-Care Testing for Respiratory Pathogens on Antibiotic Use in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022;5:e2216162 «PMID: 35679047»PubMed
  95. Medjo B, Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Radic S, ym. Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in children: clinical features and laboratory diagnosis. Ital J Pediatr 2014;40:104 «PMID: 25518734»PubMed
  96. Mertsola J, Viljanen MK, Ruuskanen O Salbutamol in the treatment of whooping cough. Scand J Infect Dis 1986;18:593-4 «PMID: 3810052»PubMed
  97. Moline HL, Tannis A, Toepfer AP, ym. Early Estimate of Nirsevimab Effectiveness for Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalization Among Infants Entering Their First Respiratory Syncytial Virus Season - New Vaccine Surveillance Network, October 2023-February 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73(9):209-214 «PMID: 38457312»PubMed
  98. Muller WJ, Madhi SA, Seoane Nuñez B, ym. Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Term and Late-Preterm Infants. N Engl J Med 2023;388(16):1533-1534 «PMID: 37018470»PubMed
  99. Muthuri SG, Venkatesan S, Myles PR ym. Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus infection: a meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet Respir Med 2014;2:395-404
  100. Muthuri SG, Venkatesan S, Myles PR, ym. Impact of neuraminidase inhibitors on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related pneumonia: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016;10:192-204 «PMID: 26602067»PubMed
  101. Nascimento-Carvalho CM, Araújo-Neto CA, Ruuskanen O Association between bacterial infection and radiologically confirmed pneumonia among children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015;34:490-3 «PMID: 25879649»PubMed
  102. Nespoli L, Monafo V, Bonetti F, ym. [Clinical evaluation of letosteine activity in the treatment of acute febrile bronchitis in children. Double-blind controlled study versus placebo]. Minerva Pediatr 1989;41:515-20 «PMID: 2693929»PubMed
  103. Neto GM, Kentab O, Klassen TP, ym. A randomized controlled trial of mist in the acute treatment of moderate croup. Acad Emerg Med 2002;9:873-9 «PMID: 12208675»PubMed
  104. Neuman MI, Harper MB Evaluation of a rapid urine antigen assay for the detection of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Pediatrics 2003;112(6 Pt 1):1279-82 «PMID: 14654597»PubMed
  105. Nunes MC, Soofie N, Downs S, ym. Comparing the Yield of Nasopharyngeal Swabs, Nasal Aspirates, and Induced Sputum for Detection of Bordetella pertussis in Hospitalized Infants. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63(suppl 4):S181-S186 «PMID: 27838671»PubMed
  106. Nuolivirta K, Koponen P, He Q, ym. Bordetella pertussis infection is common in nonvaccinated infants admitted for bronchiolitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:1013-5 «PMID: 21046700»PubMed
  107. Oduwole O, Udoh EE, Oyo-Ita A, ym. Honey for acute cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;(4):CD007094 «PMID: 29633783»PubMed
  108. Palmu S, Mecklin M, Heikkilä P, ym. National treatment guidelines decreased the use of racemic adrenaline for bronchiolitis in four Finnish university hospitals. Acta Paediatr 2018;107:1966-1970 «PMID: 29752817»PubMed
  109. Patel H, Platt RW, Pekeles GS, ym. A randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of nebulized therapy with epinephrine compared with albuterol and saline in infants hospitalized for acute viral bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 2002;141:818-24 «PMID: 12461499»PubMed
  110. Paul IM, Beiler J, McMonagle A, ym. Effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and no treatment on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007;161:1140-6 «PMID: 18056558»PubMed
  111. Paul IM, Yoder KE, Crowell KR, ym. Effect of dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, and placebo on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. Pediatrics 2004;114:e85-90 «PMID: 15231978»PubMed
  112. Payares-Salamanca L, Contreras-Arrieta S, Florez-García V, ym. Metered-dose inhalers versus nebulization for the delivery of albuterol for acute exacerbations of wheezing or asthma in children: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020;55:3268-3278 «PMID: 32940961»PubMed
  113. Pernica JM, Harman S, Kam AJ, ym. Short-Course Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The SAFER Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2021;175:475-482 «PMID: 33683325»PubMed
  114. Plint AC, Johnson DW, Patel H, ym. Epinephrine and dexamethasone in children with bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2009;360:2079-89 «PMID: 19439742»PubMed
  115. Poehling KA, Zhu Y, Tang YW, ym. Accuracy and impact of a point-of-care rapid influenza test in young children with respiratory illnesses. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006;160:713-8 «PMID: 16818837»PubMed
  116. Pollock M, Sinha IP, Hartling L, ym. Inhaled short-acting bronchodilators for managing emergency childhood asthma: an overview of reviews. Allergy 2017;72:183-200 «PMID: 27588581»PubMed
  117. Rao S, Lamb MM, Moss A, ym. Effect of Rapid Respiratory Virus Testing on Antibiotic Prescribing Among Children Presenting to the Emergency Department With Acute Respiratory Illness: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2111836 «PMID: 34086034»PubMed
  118. Richter H, Seddon P Early nebulized budesonide in the treatment of bronchiolitis and the prevention of postbronchiolitic wheezing. J Pediatr 1998;132:849-53 «PMID: 9602198»PubMed
  119. Rigsby CK, Strife JL, Johnson ND, ym. Is the frontal radiograph alone sufficient to evaluate for pneumonia in children? Pediatr Radiol 2004;34:379-83 «PMID: 14740202»PubMed
  120. Roberts I, Gavin R, Lennon D Randomized controlled trial of steroids in pertussis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992;11:982-3 «PMID: 1454452»PubMed
  121. Roosevelt G, Sheehan K, Grupp-Phelan J, ym. Dexamethasone in bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1996;348:292-5 «PMID: 8709687»PubMed
  122. Scolnik D, Coates AL, Stephens D, ym. Controlled delivery of high vs low humidity vs mist therapy for croup in emergency departments: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006;295:1274-80 «PMID: 16537737»PubMed
  123. Shadkam MN, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Mozayan MR A comparison of the effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and diphenhydramine on nightly cough and sleep quality in children and their parents. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:87-93 «PMID: 20618098»PubMed
  124. Simões EAF, Madhi SA, Muller WJ, ym. Efficacy of nirsevimab against respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in preterm and term infants, and pharmacokinetic extrapolation to infants with congenital heart disease and chronic lung disease: a pooled analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2023;7(3):180-189 «PMID: 36634694»PubMed
  125. Skjerven HO, Hunderi JO, Brügmann-Pieper SK, ym. Racemic adrenaline and inhalation strategies in acute bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2013;368:2286-93 «PMID: 23758233»PubMed
  126. Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;(11):CD001831 «PMID: 25420096»PubMed
  127. Soudack M, Plotkin S, Ben-Shlush A, ym. The Added Value of the Lateral Chest Radiograph for Diagnosing Community Acquired Pneumonia in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Isr Med Assoc J 2018;20:5-8 «PMID: 29658199»PubMed
  128. Spuesens EB, Fraaij PL, Visser EG, ym. Carriage of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of symptomatic and asymptomatic children: an observational study. PLoS Med 2013;10:e1001444 «PMID: 23690754»PubMed
  129. Taylor JA, Novack AH, Almquist JR, ym. Efficacy of cough suppressants in children. J Pediatr 1993;122(5 Pt 1):799-802 «PMID: 8496765»PubMed
  130. Teunissen J, Hochs AH, Vaessen-Verberne A, ym. The effect of 3% and 6% hypertonic saline in viral bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2014;44:913-21 «PMID: 24969648»PubMed
  131. Toikka P, Irjala K, Juvén T, ym. Serum procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 for distinguishing bacterial and viral pneumonia in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:598-602 «PMID: 10917215»PubMed
  132. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bad Bug Book: Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook https://www.fda.gov/media/83271/download
  133. Vančíková Z, Trojánek M, Zemličková H, ym. Pneumococcal urinary antigen positivity in healthy colonized children: is it age dependent? Wien Klin Wochenschr 2013;125:495-500 «PMID: 23928934»PubMed
  134. Venkatesan S, Myles PR, Bolton KJ, ym. Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Hospital Length of Stay: A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data to Determine Treatment Effectiveness Among Patients Hospitalized With Nonfatal 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2020;221:356-366 «PMID: 31314899»PubMed
  135. Virkki R, Juven T, Rikalainen H, ym. Differentiation of bacterial and viral pneumonia in children. Thorax 2002;57:438-41 «PMID: 11978922»PubMed
  136. Wainwright C, Altamirano L, Cheney M ym. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of nebulized epinephrine in infants with acute bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2003;349:27-35
  137. Wang K, Bettiol S, Thompson MJ, ym. Symptomatic treatment of the cough in whooping cough. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;(9):CD003257 «PMID: 25243777»PubMed
  138. Wang K, Shun-Shin M, Gill P, ym. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;(4):CD002744 «PMID: 22513907»PubMed
  139. Wang L, Feng Z, Zhao M ym. A comparison study between GeXP-based multiplex-PCR and serology assay for Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection in children with community acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2017;17:518
  140. Waris A, Macharia M, Njeru EK, ym. RANDOMISED DOUBLE BLIND STUDY TO COMPARE EFFECTIVENESS OF HONEY, SALBUTAMOL AND PLACEBO IN TREATMENT OF COUGH IN CHILDREN WITH COMMON COLD. East Afr Med J 2014;91:50-6 «PMID: 26859020»PubMed
  141. Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, Reisinger KS, ym. Oral oseltamivir treatment of influenza in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:127-33 «PMID: 11224828»PubMed
  142. Williams DJ, Creech CB, Walter EB, ym. Short- vs Standard-Course Outpatient Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: The SCOUT-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2022;176:253-261 «PMID: 35040920»PubMed
  143. Williams GJ, Macaskill P, Kerr M, ym. Variability and accuracy in interpretation of consolidation on chest radiography for diagnosing pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. Pediatr Pulmonol 2013;48:1195-200 «PMID: 23997040»PubMed
  144. Xavier-Souza G, Vilas-Boas AL, Fontoura MS, ym. The inter-observer variation of chest radiograph reading in acute lower respiratory tract infection among children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2013;48:464-9 «PMID: 22888091»PubMed
  145. Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Wainwright C, ym. Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(7):CD006458 «PMID: 23900970»PubMed