Comment: No specific harms were quantified in these reviews; dietary pattern interventions are generally considered low risk for individuals, but feasibility and adherence may vary, and some modified diets may require individualized guidance.
| Reference | Study type | Population | Intervention and comparison | Outcomes | Risk of bias «Additional comments for included studies...»2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR=systematic review; MA=meta-analysis | |||||
| «Filippou CD, Tsioufis CP, Thomopoulos CG, ym. Diet...»1 | SR, MA | Adults (≥18 years), hypertensive or non-hypertensive blood pressure levels with or without comorbidities, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes. Countries not specified. | RCTs. DASH dietary (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension). Some trials applied DASH alone, while others combined DASH with additional lifestyle interventions (e.g. sodium restriction, energy restriction/weight loss, or physical activity). Comparison: usual care |
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Low |
| «Fu J, Liu Y, Zhang L, ym. Nonpharmacologic Interve...»2 | SR, MA | Adults (≥18 years) with prehypertension or hypertension. Europe, United States, Asia, Africa; DASH RCTs United States, China. | RCTs. Nonpharmacologic (lifestyle) interventions ≥4 week including dietary (e.g., DASH, salt restriction, low-sodium/high-potassium salt, low-calorie diet), physical exercise, stress-reduction approaches, alcohol restriction and weight loss, combined interventions, and comprehensive lifestyle modification. Comparison: usual care |
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Low |
| «Cowell OR, Mistry N, Deighton K, ym. Effects of a ...»3 | SR, MA | Adults (≥18 years) with or without comorbidities, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes were included. Participants were not excluded based on health status or smoking history. Countries not specified. | RCTs and observational studies. Intervention: Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), including standard and modified versions. Comparison: a control diet. |
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Moderate |
| «Filippou CD, Thomopoulos CG, Kouremeti MM, ym. Med...»4 | SR, MA | Adults (hypertensive and non-hypertensive) with or without comorbidities (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome, established cardiovascular disease). Countries not specified. | RCTs Intervention: Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), alone or with other lifestyle interventions. Comparison: Usual diet |
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Low |
| Reference | Comments |
|---|---|
| «Cowell OR, Mistry N, Deighton K, ym. Effects of a ...»3 | Due to variability in study quality and risk of bias across included studies. |
Results
| Reference | Number of studies and number of patients (I/C) | Follow-up time | Absolute number of events (%) I | Absolute number of events (%) C | Relative effect (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I=intervention; C=comparison; CI=confidence interval; N/A=not applicable; SBP=systolic blood pressure; MD=mean difference; DPB=diastolic blood pressure; WMD= weighted mean difference; CrI=credible interval; *WMD was reported as a control-intervention effect; the values were reversed here to make the direction of the blood pressure result comparable to other results in the table. | |||||
| «Filippou CD, Tsioufis CP, Thomopoulos CG, ym. Diet...»1 | 30 2742/ 2803 |
2-52 weeks, mean 15.3 | N/A | N/A | SBP MD −3.2 mmHg (−4.2 to −2.3) DPB MD -2.5 mmHg (−3.5 to −1.5) |
| «Fu J, Liu Y, Zhang L, ym. Nonpharmacologic Interve...»2 | 9 Total 1022 |
4-12 weeks | N/A | N/A | With prehypertension to established hypertension SBP WMD* -6.97 (CrI -4.50 to 9.47) DBP WMD* -3.54 (CrI -1.80 to -5.28) |
| «Fu J, Liu Y, Zhang L, ym. Nonpharmacologic Interve...»2 | 4 total 262 |
8 weeks | N/A | N/A | With hypertension SBP WMD* -8.69 (CrI 5.23 to12.19) DBP WMD* -4.54 (CrI -1.91 to -7.18) |
| Level of evidence: moderate The quality of evidence is downgraded due to study limitations. |
|||||
| Reference | Number of studies and number of patients (I/C) | Follow-up time | Absolute number of events (%) I | Absolute number of events (%) C | Relative effect (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I=intervention; C=comparison; CI=confidence interval; N/A=not applicable; SBP=systolic blood pressure; MD=mean difference; DPB=diastolic blood pressure | |||||
| «Cowell OR, Mistry N, Deighton K, ym. Effects of a ...»3 | 19 total 4137 |
1,4–260 weeks, median 26 | N/A | N/A | SBP MD -1.4 mmHg (-2.4 to -0.4) DBP MD -1.5 mmHg (-2.7 to -0.3) |
| «Filippou CD, Thomopoulos CG, Kouremeti MM, ym. Med...»4 | 15 1908/1871 |
8-184 weeks | N/A | N/A | SPB MD -3.1 (-4.8, to -1.3) DPB MD -1.6mmHg (-2.6 to -0.6) |
| Level of evidence: moderate The quality of evidence is downgraded due to study limitations. |
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The background data (PICO) for the evidence summary was tabulated using AI-assisted methods. The content has been edited and reviewed by the author.